Typography rules and terms every designer must know

Typography is simply the art and technique of organizing type. It is fundamental to the skills of a
 designer and is much more than making words legible. The choice of typeface and the way to 
make it work with its design, grid, color combination, design theme, etc. will make the difference
 between a good, bad and excellent design.

There are many typography tutorials to help you master the discipline. But good typography is 
often reduced to creative intuition. Once you are comfortable with the basics, visit some 
typography resources to research the font families and discover some pairings of sources 
that are made for each other.

Choosing a font

There is an amazing variety of free and paid sources to choose from online. But with great
 power comes a great responsibility. The fact that you can choose from a large library does
 not mean that you should do so; There is something to be said for painting with a limited
 palette, and proven sources like Helvetica continue to serve us well.

There is a wide selection of fonts so you can choose

Artisans create a typeface, like any form of design, for a substantial period of time, using
 the talent they have perfected for many years. And the benefits of a professionally
 designed font, various weights and styles to form a complete family, carefully 
considered kerning pairs, multilingual support with international characters, expressive 
alternative glyphs to add character and variety to the type settings, are not always found
 in a source available for free.

These are some of the most important typographical considerations that professional 
designers should consider.

01. Size

All fonts are not created equally. Some are fat and broad; some are thin and narrow. 
Therefore, words set in different fonts can occupy a very different amount of space on the page.

The height of each character is known as its 'height x' (simply because it is based on the
 letter 'x'). When matching fonts, such as when using a different face to indicate an area 
of attention, it is generally advisable to use those that share a similar height x. The width 
of each character is known as "set width", which covers the body of the letter plus a space
 that acts as a buffer with another letter.

The most common method used to measure the type is the point system, which dates 
back to the 18th century. One point is 1/72 of an inch. 12 points make a pike, a unit used 
to measure the width of the columns. Font sizes can also be measured in inches, millimeters
 or pixels.

02. Leading

Leading describes the vertical space between each type line. It is so named because the
 lead strips were originally used to separate the type lines in the days of typesetting of the metal.

For a readable text of the body that is comfortable to read, a general rule is that its initial 
value must be greater than the size of the source; anywhere from 1.25 to 1.5 times.

03. Tracking and kerning

Kerning describes the act of adjusting the space between the characters to create a 
harmonious pairing. For example, when an uppercase 'A' is found with a capital 'V', its
 diagonal lines are usually interspersed so that the upper left of the 'V' is on top of the 
bottom right of the 'A' .

Kerning similar, but not equal to, 'tracking'; this is related to the spacing of all the characters
 and is applied uniformly.

04. Measure

The term 'measure' describes the width of a block of text. If you are looking to achieve
 the optimal reading experience, it is clearly an important consideration.

05. Hierarchy and scale

If the whole type were the same size, it would be difficult to know what was the most 
important information on the page. To guide the reader, the headings are usually large,
 the subtitles are smaller and the body type is even smaller.

Size is not the only way to define the hierarchy; It can also be achieved with color, 
spacing and weight.

By:- Web Designing Training in Chandigarh